LOCATION AWARE CLUSTER BASED ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor nodes are usually embedded in the physical environment and report sensed data to a central base station. Clustering is one of the most challenging issues in wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes a new cluster scheme for wireless sensor network by modified the K means clustering algorithm. Sensor nodes are deployed in a harsh environment and randomly scattered in the region of interest and are deployed in a flat architecture. The transmission of packet will reduce the network lifetime. Thus, clustering scheme is required to avoid network traffic and increase overall network lifetime. In order to cluster the sensor nodes that are deployed in the sensor network, the location information of each sensor node should be known. By knowing the location of the each sensor node in the wireless sensor network, clustering is formed based on the highest residual energy and minimum distance from the base station. Among the group of nodes, one node is elected as a cluster head using centroid method. The minimum distance between the cluster node’s and the centroid point is elected as a cluster head. Clustering of nodes can minimize the residual energy and maximize the network performance. This improves the overall network lifetime and reduces network traffic

Exploring Foodie Segmentation

Previous research studies have explored the activities, motivations, and outcomes for the culinary tourist, and researchers have theorized certain segments of culinary travelers (Boniface, 2003; Mitchell, Hall & McIntosh, 2000). Contrasting to this, investigation into “the foodie” and his or her activities at home has been strikingly infrequent. Exploring the foodie ‘at home’ or the foodie’s everyday behavior is critical to understanding different types of foodies, how to market to foodies, and their decision-making processes for culinary travel. The purpose of this study is to test, via an online survey, a scale that distinguishes between different types of foodies, and determine if their home-foodie habits are the same while traveling. The study includes five samples: all of the populations were selected to attempt to get a variety of respondents; some settings were food-focused and some were not. Factor analysis was used to group like respondents together; factors that overlapped across samples includes Sustainable Food Activist, Cooking, Cooking Competitor/Do-It-Yourself, Trendy Traveler, Gardening, and Drinking activity dimensions. Food-related businesses and tourism marketers would benefit from greater distinction between types of foodies so as to develop and market specific products to them, to create new packages with complementary activities, and to convert ‘crossover’ markets who visit for one reason but who could be convinced to ‘cross over’ to participate in other activities

Influence of L-Lysine as dopant in ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate– spectral, optical, thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties

Semi organic crystals offer a variety of molecular structures by virtue of the changes brought out in selection of dopants. In the present work mechanical, thermal, dielectric, FTIR and UV studies of single crystals of ammonium teroxalate dihydrate (ATOXAL) doped with basic amino acid L-Lysine have been studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study confirms the incorporation of L-Lysine into ATOXAL. Optical studies on L-Lysine doped ATOXAL (L-Lys doped ATOXAL) crystals reveal that these crystals are optically better and more transparent than the pure ones having wide transmission spectra lying in the entire visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. Optical band gap has been found to be 4.281 eV and the nonlinear index of refraction is 1.829. Negative photoconductivity has been exhibited by the crystal. TG / DTG and DSC analyses reveal that thermal anomalies occurr at 111.1 °C and 231.8 °C. Low dielectric constant and dielectric loss at higher frequency observed in L-Lys doped ATOXAL is a desirable property to enhance the NLO efficiency. Also, it is observed from the dielectric studies that the ferroelectric phase has higher activation energy than the paraelectric phase. Vickers’s micro hardness test reveals that dopant inclusion increased the mechanical strength of the crystals

THE FEATURES OF PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAREER GROWTH AMONG EDUCATORS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Purpose of the study: This examination endeavors to inspect the mental and instructive qualities of profession development among instructors of professional instructive establishments. It additionally endeavors to break down the lexical and semantic substance of the related ideas of "proficient vocation", "proficient advancement", "proficient development" and "expert development". Methodology: This examination utilized coherent investigation of logical works, speculation of viewpoint and translation alternatives for understanding the substance of expert profession, proficient improvement, and vocation development so as to distinguish the mental and educational highlights of profession advancement of educators of professional schools. It likewise utilized hypothetical investigation, examination, and speculation of applied perspectives on the issue under examination so as to decide the issue topical parts of taking care of the logical issue; strategy for explanation is to discover the idea of the creator's translations, including the professional success of professional instructive educators and to detail the finishes of the investigation. Main Findings: Four fundamental highlights of the mental part of the instructor's vocation development have been distinguished, to be specific: inspiration, innovativeness, self-awareness, and expert development. The outer variables that impact the course of instructors' vocation development are likewise featured. Applications of this study: This work is appropriate in numerous parts of the instructive segment. Hence its importance leaves no inquiries as the work will be valuable for instructors as well as for further improvement in approach course for training in the future. Novelty/Originality of this study: For the first run-through, interior and outside parts of educators' profession development were breaking down and the essential mental perspectives were featured

Rural-urban disparities in the nutritional status of younger adolescents in Tanzania

Research on geographic differences in health focuses largely on children less than five years; little is known about adolescents—and even less regarding younger adolescents—a vulnerable group at a critical stage of the life course. Africa’s rapid population growth and urbanization rates, coupled with stagnant rates of undernutrition, further indicate the need for country-specific data on rural-urban health disparities to inform development policies. This study examined rural-urban disparities in body mass index-for-age-and-sex (BAZ) and height-for-age-and-sex z-scores (HAZ) among younger adolescents in Tanzania. Participants were randomly selected adolescents aged 10–14 years (N = 1,125) residing in Kilosa (rural) and Moshi (urban) districts of Tanzania. Individual and household-level data were collected using surveys and anthropometric data was collected on all adolescents. Age, sex, household living conditions, and assets were self-reported. BAZ and HAZ were calculated using the WHO reference guide. The prevalence of undernutrition was 10.9% among rural and 5.1% among urban adolescents (p\u3c0.001). Similarly, stunting prevalence was greater in rural (64.5%) than urban (3.1%) adolescents (p\u3c0.001). After adjusting for covariates, rural residence was significantly and inversely associated with BAZ (B = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.70, p = 0.01), as well as with HAZ (B = -1.79, 95% CI: -2.03, -1.54, p\u3c0.001). Self-identified males had lower BAZ (B = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.11, p\u3c0.001) and HAZ (B = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.35, -0.09, p = 0.001) than self-identified female adolescents. Rural-urban disparities in nutritional status were significant and gendered. Findings confirm place of residence as a key determinant of BAZ and HAZ among younger adolescents in Tanzania. Targeted gender-sensitive interventions are needed to limit growth faltering and improve health outcomes in rural settings

Nutrition Research from Cells to Communities

Abstract: The mission of the Department of Nutrition, UMass Amherst, is to provide excellence and innovation in teaching, research, and outreach by applying a scientific foundation that addresses the nutritional needs of individuals and diverse populations. We conduct laboratory and applied community-based research that spans a wide range of issues. Housed within the Department of Nutrition, the UMass Extension Nutrition Education Program (NEP) collaborates with more than 100 agencies and provides nutrition education in over 46 communities in Massachusetts. This poster presents 1) the range of work undertaken by faculty, students, and NEP; and 2) highlight faculty research areas as well as emerging priorities for clinical and community-based nutrition research. We are interested in establishing collaborations for improved nutrition and health outcomes with researchers and community organizations across the Commonwealth. Introduction: Nutrition research is important to establish dietary requirements, investigate the metabolic basis for therapies, and translate research to dietary behaviors and policies to improve health and prevent disease. The UMass Department of Nutrition research ranges from cellular and metabolic investigations to community-based and policy approaches. With over $2.5 million in annual grant expenditures, the Department ranks among the top of the university departments in expenditures per faculty. Nutrition faculty utilize laboratory facilities on the UMass campus, along with collaborative community research in Springfield, Holyoke, Lowell, and other communities in Massachusetts, nationally and internationally. In addition, the UMass Extension Nutrition Education Program provides nutrition education to thousands of limited income families annually through eight community-based sites throughout the state

Azithromycin to Reduce Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that mass distribution of a broad-spectrum antibiotic agent to preschool children would reduce mortality in areas of sub-Saharan Africa that are currently far from meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. METHODS: In this cluster-randomized trial, we assigned communities in Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania to four twice-yearly mass distributions of either oral azithromycin (approximately 20 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo. Children 1 to 59 months of age were identified in twice-yearly censuses and were offered participation in the trial. Vital status was determined at subsequent censuses. The primary outcome was aggregate all-cause mortality; country-specific rates were assessed in prespecified subgroup analyses. RESULTS: A total of 1533 communities underwent randomization, 190,238 children were identified in the census at baseline, and 323,302 person-years were monitored. The mean (±SD) azithromycin and placebo coverage over the four twice-yearly distributions was 90.4±10.4%. The overall annual mortality rate was 14.6 deaths per 1000 person-years in communities that received azithromycin (9.1 in Malawi, 22.5 in Niger, and 5.4 in Tanzania) and 16.5 deaths per 1000 person-years in communities that received placebo (9.6 in Malawi, 27.5 in Niger, and 5.5 in Tanzania). Mortality was 13.5% lower overall (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7 to 19.8) in communities that received azithromycin than in communities that received placebo (P<0.001); the rate was 5.7% lower in Malawi (95% CI, -9.7 to 18.9), 18.1% lower in Niger (95% CI, 10.0 to 25.5), and 3.4% lower in Tanzania (95% CI, -21.2 to 23.0). Children in the age group of 1 to 5 months had the greatest effect from azithromycin (24.9% lower mortality than that with placebo; 95% CI, 10.6 to 37.0). Serious adverse events occurring within a week after administration of the trial drug or placebo were uncommon, and the rate did not differ significantly between the groups. Evaluation of selection for antibiotic resistance is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: Among postneonatal, preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa, childhood mortality was lower in communities randomly assigned to mass distribution of azithromycin than in those assigned to placebo, with the largest effect seen in Niger. Any implementation of a policy of mass distribution would need to strongly consider the potential effect of such a strategy on antibiotic resistance. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; MORDOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02047981 .)

Mass Oral Azithromycin for Childhood Mortality: Timing of Death After Distribution in the MORDOR Trial.

In a large community-randomized trial, biannual azithromycin distributions significantly reduced postneonatal childhood mortality in sub-Saharan African sites. Here, we present a prespecified secondary analysis showing that much of the protective effect was in the first 3 months postdistribution. Distributing more frequently than biannually could be considered if logistically feasible. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02047981

Phase transitional ferroelectric like behaviour of ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate single crystal

875-883Dielectric characterisation on ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate (ATOXAL) single crystal has been carried out. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss studied as a function of temperature and frequency have been found to have anomalous variations in the vicinity of the phase transitions at 100 °C and 140 °C which have been duly supported by thermal studies. An Arrhenius shift in the temperature variation of relaxation frequency has estimated the activation energy and the means of conduction. The ferroelectric and paraelectric phase activation energies have been determined to be 1.772 eV and 3.477 eV, respectively. The Penn band gap is 1.892 eV and the polarizability has been evaluated. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 has been found to be 1.5 pCN-1. The ferroelectric hysteresis behaviour has been investigated at room temperature. From the hysteresis loop it is found that the grown crystal exhibites a remanent polarization (Pr) ∼ 0.367 μC/cm2, saturation polarisation (Ps) ∼ 1.789 μC/cm2 and coercive field (Ec) ∼ 6.599 kV/cm

Influence of L-Lysine as dopant in ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate– spectral, optical, thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties

444-452Semi organic crystals offer a variety of molecular structures by virtue of the changes brought out in selection of dopants. In the present work mechanical, thermal, dielectric, FTIR and UV studies of single crystals of ammonium teroxalate dihydrate (ATOXAL) doped with basic amino acid L-Lysine have been studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study confirms the incorporation of L-Lysine into ATOXAL. Optical studies on L-Lysine doped ATOXAL (L-Lys doped ATOXAL) crystals reveal that these crystals are optically better and more transparent than the pure ones having wide transmission spectra lying in the entire visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. Optical band gap has been found to be 4.281 eV and the nonlinear index of refraction is 1.829. Negative photoconductivity has been exhibited by the crystal. TG / DTG and DSC analyses reveal that thermal anomalies occurr at 111.1 °C and 231.8 °C. Low dielectric constant and dielectric loss at higher frequency observed in L-Lys doped ATOXAL is a desirable property to enhance the NLO efficiency. Also, it is observed from the dielectric studies that the ferroelectric phase has higher activation energy than the paraelectric phase. Vickers’s micro hardness test reveals that dopant inclusion increased the mechanical strength of the crystals